He also defeated the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi. Carus and Numerian fought a victorious campaign against the Persians . He was of humble origin, but nothing definite is known of his family. By the time he had risen to the throne, large portions of the empire in the west and east had splintered off into the Gallic Empire and Palmyrene Empire, respectively.. More honors came his way; he was now known as Parthicus Maximus and Restitutor Orientis ("Restorer of the East").[33]. Initially, Aurelian spared Palmyra. Zenobia was afterwards granted a pension and married to a senator, while Tetricus was awarded governorship of the Italian province of Lucania.in wikipedia, In late 274, probably on its festival date of 25 December, Aurelian pronounced Sol Invictus one of the official religions of Rome and dedicated a new temple for Sol. The coin issues reveal that, following the death of Aurelian, an interregnum did indeed occur, but that it is the empress Severina who was in charge during this period. Over the ensuing 23 months of consultation, there was an interregnum, during which Aurelians widow Ulpia Severina seems to have continued to preside as empress. The type no longer shows the standard reverse, Aurelian shaking the hand of Concordia, but an anonymous male figure, now without laurel-wreath and sceptre, shaking the hand of Severina, who is easily recognizable by her characteristic hairdress and is shown in a larger size. Two-thirds of the walls are still standing today. Aurelian, being an experienced commander, was aware of the importance of the army, and his propaganda, known through his coinage, shows he wanted the support of the legions. In this time his achievements had been nothing less than colossal. Also see Alaric Watson 1999, p. 215, David S. Potter 2004, p. 266, Herwig Wolfram, The war against the Palmyrene Empire is described in Zosimus, 1,50,11,61,1, and, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Constantius heros (ILCV 66) An elegiac testimony on the decline of the Late Roman West", "LacusCurtius: Templum Solis (Platner & Ashby, 1929)", "Solving the Mystery of an Ancient Roman Plague", Realencyclopdie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aurelian&oldid=1142189337, Roman emperors murdered by the Praetorian Guard, Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Imperator Caesar Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 00:41. He was recorded by Christian historians as having organized persecutions.[43][44][45][46]. Eros, fearful of what punishment his emperor might have in store for him, told several senior praetorian officers that the emperor sought to have them executed. His father was a tenant farmer of a wealthy senator Aurelius, after whom the family were named.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'roman_empire_net-medrectangle-3','ezslot_8',102,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roman_empire_net-medrectangle-3-0'); Aurelian rose through the ranks of the army, serving with distinction on the Danube frontier. The reign of Aurelian as Emperor of Rome between September 270 and September 275 was a period during which some semblance of stability was restored to the empire, although chaos was to return as soon as this five years was over. Aurelian (Latin language: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus; 9 September 214 or 215 - September or October 275), was Roman Emperor from 270 to 275. Aurelian was clearly a contender for the vacant throne after the assassination, but Claudius Gothicus was the preferred choice. In 268 Gallienus travelled to Italy and fought Aureolus, his former general and now usurper for the throne. Comparative research with other sources from his era has rendered some details more secure than others. During his reign, he defeated the Alamanni after a devastating war. The Syrian queen cut off Rome's shipments of grain, and in a matter of weeks, the Romans started running low on bread. During the Roman Republic, the name of the moneyer would appear on the coinage just as today the Secretary of the Treasury's signature appears on our paper currency - i.e. For this, he received the title Germanicus Maximus. Definition of aurelian in the Definitions.net dictionary. He reorganized a new province of Dacia south of the Danube, inside the former Moesia, called Dacia Aureliana, with Serdica as the capital.[38]. He came to prominence most of all in the Social, Life: AD 188 - 217 Name: Lucius Septimius BassianusBorn on 4 April AD 188 at Lugdunum (Lyons).Consul AD 202, 205, 208, 213.Became co-emperor in 4 February AD 211.Wife: Publia Fulvia, The FoundingThe KingsThe RepublicEarly EmperorsThe High PointThe DeclineThe CollapseConstantinople, Army & BattlesMapsPeoplePlacesReligionSociety & LifeFAQ. [50], Aurelian is believed to have terminated Trajan's alimenta program. [28] Aurelian used his cavalry to great effect, breaking the Goths into smaller groups which were easier to handle. Some historical dramas are docudramas, which attempt an accurate portrayal of a historical event or biography, to the degree that the available historical research will allow.Other historical dramas are fictionalized tales that are based on an actual person and their deeds . This made them an ideal propaganda tool for Roman Emperors to present themselves and the message they wanted to communicate. Elsewhere in Italy waste land was reclaimed. They were actually Mauri, a Latin name unrela. 0 bids. Apollonius implored: "Aurelian, if you desire to rule, abstain from the blood of the innocent! TIEPOLO GIAMBATTISTA Venecia. No matter the short period of his reign, Emperor Aurelian achieved unimaginable. Following that, Claudius Gothicus became emperor until his own death in 270. The coin types also highlight the exceptional political role played by Severina, as these are charged with military connotations. Lets have a closer look at how did Aurelian achieve this amazing feat! The mint at Serdica struck coins for Severina with the legend Severina Augusta.The mint at Antioch exceptionally gave the Empress the titles P(ia) F(elix), normally reserved for emperors; on the reverse, the legend is changed from the plural form Concordia Augg (Augustorum) to the singular Concordia Aug, which may be expanded as Concordia Augustae. Six emperors came and went before the next strong ruler, Diocletian, came on to the scene. Bringing a weakened Rome to bear on . [20] In 268 or 269 Aurelian and his cavalry participated in the victory of Emperor Gallienus (or Emperor Claudius II Gothicus) over the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. The city of New Orleans (in French, La Nouvelle-Orlans, in Latin, Nova Aurelianum), in Louisiana, United States is named after the commune of Orlans, and therefore by extension, Aurelian.[54]. However, the menace of the Germanic people and a Germanic invasion was still perceived by the Romans as likely, therefore Aurelian resolved to build a new system of walls around Rome that became known as the Aurelian Walls. Wild rumours spread through Rome like wildfire. Lucius Domitius Aurelianus was born of poor parents on 9 September AD 214 in Lower Moesia. The eastern provinces found their protectors in the rulers of the city of Palmyra, in Syria, whose autonomy grew until the formation of the Palmyrene Empire, which was successful in defending against the Sassanid threat. Since his assassination by the Praetorian Guard at the age of eighteen, Elagabalus has been an object of fascination to historians and a source of inspiration for artists and . So that leaves me asking what the Roman Empire would've looked like if Aurelian . The rationalis Felicissimus, a senior public financial official whose responsibilities included supervision of the mint at Rome, revolted against Aurelian. However, it seems that this extrapolation of unverifiable facts is now generally accepted as being no more than just that.[9]. Aurelian was born on 9 September, most likely in 214 AD, although 215 AD is also possible. His intention was to give to all the peoples of the Empire, civilian or soldiers, easterners or westerners, a single god they could believe in without betraying their own gods. Information and translations of aurelian in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. On an inscription from Thrace (AE 1927, 81), Severina is honoured as Divine Victory; on an inscription from Pola (CIL V, 29), she is designated as mater castrorum (mother of the camps). The literary sources are silent on the role of Severina during this transition period: instead they prefer to develop the myth of the election of Tacitus by the Roman Senate, a theme which is treated at length in the Historia Augusta. Here is our list of the most famous assassinations in history. But in October or November at Caenophrurium, a small Thracian town between Perinthus and Byzantium, he discovered that his private secretary, a certain Eros, had lied to him on a minor matter. Nobody dared take on the strongest military figure of the empire, and quickly all the forces changed sides to this stern Danubian commander, abandoning a lonely emperor in Aquileia, who alas committed suicide. First, Aurelian secured the frontier on the Danube River: Second, Aurelian ordered the capital of Rome to be protected by huge walls the famous Aurelian Walls were built between 271 and 275 AD. When a group of Goths invaded Illyria and Thrace, Ulpius had fallen ill, so he ordered Aurelian to deal with the invaders. Also measures were introduced to reduced embezzlement, extortion and corruption among imperial and provincial administrations. Was Percy Brookfield's death a political . Much more serious was the threat posed to the empire by great parts having been severed from it; in the west by the Gallic empire; and in the east by the Queen Zenobia of Palmyra. Aurelian defeated Quintillus' troops, and was recognized as emperor by the Senate after Quintillus' death. Palmyra was systematically sacked, looted and destroyed. In fact, it displays on the reverse a standard design of restitutio orbis showing the emperor in military dress raising the kneeling personification of Oikoumene (the inhabited world). Early life. f Some thoughts on the emperor Aurelian as 'persecutor.'. Aurelian is one of the many Champions in Aeon Clash. $136.49. A few days before his assassination, Aurelians secretary Eros had told a minor lie to the emperor. 5. Out of the many possible candidates, the consular status that Tacitus had held since 273, when he held the consulship with Julius Placidianus, had probably weighed in his favour. In the 3rd century, the once mighty Roman Empire was falling apart. It must be stressed that this medallion shares its obverse die with medallions with the reverse Soli Invicto, Sol in his chariot, and with others showing purely military types as Virtus Augusti, Hercules crowning a trophy, and Adlocutio Augusti, the emperor addressing the soldiers. Emperor Claudius fell ill on the march to the battle and returned to his regional headquarters in Sirmium, leaving Aurelian in charge of operations against the Goths. Having now sufficient strength of authority, Aurelian announced the long overdue withdrawal from Dacia. [23] In four years, Aurelian had secured the frontiers of the Empire and reunified it. His work has been cited in a number of textbooks on the Roman Empire and mentioned on numerous publications such as the New York Times, PBS, The Guardian, and many more. He set himself apart from previous emperors of the third century in . The assassination of Aurelian and the interregnum of Severina (September - November 275) Aurelian fell victim to a military coup while still in Europe, at Caenophrurium near Perinthus. Modern research considers Dacia Ripensis as the more likely region. Aurelian (Latin: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus; 9 September 214 - c. October 275) was Roman emperor from 270 to 275. Aurelian (214-275) was 61 years old when he died. He defeated the palmyrene and Gallic empires. However, these coins only depict the esteemed position of Aurelian's Sol and do not provide us with any . However, the Roman Empire was crumbling. They had a square tower every 30 meters (97 feet) 380 towers altogether. 171 Painting. [d] However, although Saunders's conjecture as to Aurelian's early career is not supported by any evidence other than his nomen which could indicate Italian settler ancestry and even this is contested his rise to the highest ranks is more easily understood if he did not have to start from the bottom. The reign of Aurelian as Emperor of Rome between September 270 and September 275 was a period during which some semblance of . Nothing Less than [8] These two propositions, together with the tradition that the clan Aurelius had been entrusted with the maintenance of that deity's cult in Rome, inspired the notion that this could explain the devotion to the sun-god that Aurelian was to manifest as emperor. But Aurelian, well knowing where much of the trouble had originated from, also had several senators put to death, or had their properties confiscated. This gave Aurelian the precisely the advantage he wanted. At the age of 21, Aurelian entered the Roman military, where he quickly distinguished himself. Modern historians have tried to gather evidence for a senatorial restoration in the appointment of Tacitus, following the narrative of the Historia Augusta. Following that, Claudius . In fear of what the emperor might do, he forged a document listing the names of high officials marked by the emperor for execution and showed it to collaborators. In Rome, where Severina had ceded power to Tacitus, important issues mark the arrival of the new emperor. He came from humble beginnings; his father was a peasant farmer. More from This Artist Similar Designs. Life: AD 130 - 169 Name: Lucius Ceionius CommodusBorn on 15 December AD 130 at Rome.Consul AD 154, 161, 167.Became co-emperor in 7 March AD 161.Wife: (1) Annia Aurelia, (2), Life: 138-78 BC Name: Lucius Cornelius Sulla Lucius Cornelius Sulla stemmed from a good, though not very wealthy Roman family. He would go on to lead the cavalry of the emperor Gallienus, until Gallienus' assassination in 268. They were reluctant to do so, and yet they had no choice.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'roman_empire_net-box-4','ezslot_1',107,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roman_empire_net-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'roman_empire_net-box-4','ezslot_2',107,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-roman_empire_net-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-107{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. S Sol and do not provide us with any the assassination, Aurelians secretary Eros had told minor. 'S alimenta program ill, so he ordered Aurelian to deal with the invaders although 215 AD is possible! Considers Dacia Ripensis as the more likely region closer look at how did Aurelian achieve amazing... 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