[34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. House Albert Speer (4) Location: Take the road in front of the Gutshof back uphill to the Berghof. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that BERLIN When Hilde Schramm inherited several paintings collected by her father, Hitler's chief architect and Armaments Minister Albert Speer, she was only sure of one thing: she did not want. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. Described by associates as ice cold. Profile manager: Gordon Becker [ send private message ] His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. In the World War II, Hitler appointed him as the Minister of Armaments and War Production for Germany. [37] Speer hired Wolters as part of his design team, with special responsibility for the Prachtstrasse. Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. Po vlce byl bhem Norimberskho procesu odsouzen jako vlen zloinec ke 20 letm vzen. Stars Laurence Olivier Averell Harriman Albert Speer See production, box office & company info Search on Amazon search for Blu-ray and DVD Add to Watchlist 120 User reviews 5 Critic reviews Top rated TV #14 At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". William. [29] Speer insisted that as many events as possible be held at night, both to give greater prominence to his lighting effects and to hide the overweight Nazis. . [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. Albert Speer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", Francisco Boix identifies Speer at Nuremberg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Speer&oldid=1139875005, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56. From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. [6] He followed in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and studied architecture. Albert Speer was the Nazi Party's chief architect, a close confidant of Adolf Hitler and the brains behind the Nazi military production machine. [87], The Fighter Staff committee was instrumental in bringing about the increased exploitation of slave labor in the war economy. [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. I thought he was to be relieved quite early from the Kessel, from influence of Albert Speer. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . During his life, he worked on redesigning city centers of . When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . Three days later, he also proposed to Hitler that Germany's remaining military resources be concentrated along the Rhine and Vistula rivers in an attempt to prolong the fighting. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . [170] Historian Martin Kitchen states that Speer was actually "fully aware of what had happened to the Jews" and was "intimately involved in the 'Final Solution'". The oldest brother turned into a thorn in his youger brother His father, who died in 1947, despised the Nazis and was silent upon meeting Hitler. It was for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer was principally convicted at the Nuremberg Trials. There was no communication. body was never found or returned to the family and there are some Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. Speer II is more than an urban planner. Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. Today: Still there. Many more buildings were planned. The book also shows a photograph from 1943, of . In 1918, moved to Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. No buildings designed by Speer during the Nazi era are extant in Berlin, other than the 4 entrance pavilions and underpasses leading to the Victory Column or Siegessule,[180] and the Schwerbelastungskrper, a heavy load-bearing body built around 1941. After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbase Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany, into a wealthy middle class family to Albert and Luise Speer. Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. Sauckel had whole villages in France, Holland and Belgium forcibly rounded up and shipped to Speer's factories. [173] In 2005, The Daily Telegraph reported that documents had surfaced indicating that Speer had approved the allocation of materials for the expansion of Auschwitz concentration camp after two of his assistants inspected the facility on a day when almost a thousand Jews were massacred. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. The Battle of Stalingrad was a brutal military campaign between Russian forces and those of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. Instead, development turned to a "uranium motor", for use in the navy's submarines. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. While they were there his friend, Nazi Party official Karl Hanke recommended the young architect to Joseph Goebbels to help renovate the Party's Berlin headquarters. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. [167] Brechtken wrote that his most brazen lie was fabricated during an interview with a French journalist in 1952. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. Those who feigned illness, slacked off, sabotaged production or tried to escape were denied food or sent to concentration camps. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. [183], This article is about the Nazi minister. Inside the Third Reich. By the autumn of 1942 however, the estimated period for developing a weapon had increased to three to four years, much too long to affect the war. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. It will begin in Norway and extend to northern Italy. His sister's name was Carrie. In this position, Speer used millions of forced laborers to raise economic production. Brother of Hermann Speer and Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer. [135] Speer's efforts for an early release came to naught. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi . [48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. Summary: "Inside the Third Reich is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . The house had a studio were Hitler (see Hitler parents) often came to draw his . [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. These centered on a three-mile-long grand boulevard running from north to south, which Speer called the Prachtstrasse, or Street of Magnificence;[35] he also referred to it as the "NorthSouth Axis". [138] He said little, reserving most comments for a major interview published in Der Spiegel in November 1966. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. [163] By 1999, historians had amply demonstrated that Speer had lied extensively. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. [145], Speer's memoirs were a phenomenal success. 2. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. In her renowned biography, Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth, she describes her friend Schramm as "maybe the most moral person I have ever met". He goes on to say that at the Nuremberg Trial he stated he "had to share the total responsibility for all that had happened", and that he "was inescapably contaminated morally". [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. The houses still look very much the same. [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". [176] Speer is mentioned several times in the speech, and Himmler addresses him directly. Stalingrad was a classic example where he refused to provide the equipment necessary to supply his army on the Eastern front during the terrible winter of 1941. In his writings, Speer claimed to have finished five thousand books while in prison. [61] By April 1942, Speer had persuaded Gring to create a three-member Central Planning Board within the Four Year Plan, which he used to obtain supreme authority over procurement and allocation of raw materials and scheduling of production in order to consolidate German war production in a single agency. [22] Speer quickly became part of Hitler's inner circle; he was expected to call on him in the morning for a walk or chat, to provide consultation on architectural matters, and to discuss Hitler's ideas. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. [98] Nevertheless, Speer believed that Germany should continue the war for as long as possible with the goal of winning better conditions from the Allies than the unconditional surrender they insisted upon. Prisoners worked for Junkers, Messerschmitt, Henschel and BMW, among others. [16][b] The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assistant and moved to Mannheim, hoping to make a living as an architect. In consequence, despite tank production having the highest priority, relatively little of the armaments budget was spent on it. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [52] Speer's building work made him among the wealthiest of the Nazi elite. Showing 28 distinct works. They paid for Toni Proost to go on holiday, and for bribes to those who might be able to secure Speer's release. Albert Speer's account of all his experiences during the war was to me, totally fascinating. [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. Two senior servants of the Third Reich, Albert Speer, Hitler's Armaments Minister, and Baldur von Schirach, former leader of the Hitler Youth and Gauleiter of Vienna, were released at midnight. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. "[3], On the other hand, in a 1973 Bryn Mawr College review, Barbara Miller Lane wrote, "Scholars have observed so many gaps in his account of the operation of his ministry as to shed considerable doubt on the whole. Albert Speer, (born March 19, 1905, Mannheim, Baden, Germanydied September 1, 1981, London, England), German architect who was Adolf Hitler's chief architect (1933-45) and minister for armaments and war production (1942-45). After serving. [90] By this time, 140,000 people were working in Speer's underground factories. [19] This work won Speer his first national post, as Nazi Party "Commissioner for the Artistic and Technical Presentation of Party Rallies and Demonstrations". A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". . The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". [123] Wolters raised a total of DM158,000 for Speer over the final seventeen years of his sentence. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. The second season of the PBS series looks at Hitler's planning and the battle that would ultimately cripple the Third Reich. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". He had become one of the most powerful people in Nazi Germany. [155] Isabell Trommer writes in her biography of Speer that Fest and Siedler were co-authors of Speer's memoirs and co-creators of his myths. [64] Another factor that produced the boom in ammunition was the policy of allocating more coal to the steel industry. [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. [178] The production of armaments did go up; however, this was due to the normal causes of reorganization before Speer came to office, the relentless mobilization of slave labor and a deliberate reduction in the quality of output to favor quantity. The relationship will always amaze. [26], The image of the good Nazi was supported by numerous Speer myths. [136] Speer served a full term and was released at midnight on 1 October 1966. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. There were so many corpses at the Dora underground factory, for example, that the crematorium was overwhelmed. [21] As Chancellor, Hitler had a residence in the building and came by every day to be briefed by Speer and the building supervisor on the progress of the renovations. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). Reporters and photographers crowded both the street outside Spandau and the lobby of the Hotel Berlin where Speer spent the night. [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 16:15, Post [137], Speer's release from prison was a worldwide media event. [122] Speer's parents died while he was incarcerated. By Thomas Rogers 23 May 2017 She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. The public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich and a major war criminal became a popular figure almost overnight. The exterior walls survived, but they were eventually dismantled by the Soviets. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. by. Albert Speer. From 1946 to 1966, while serving the sentence in Spandau Prison, he penned more than 2,000 manuscript pages of personal memoirs. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. Yet development and production would take at least two years. [38] The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement, and later the abandonment, of these plans. Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. Adam Tooze wrote in The Wages of Destruction that the idea that Speer was an apolitical technocrat was "absurd". [159], Speer had carefully constructed an image of himself as an apolitical technocrat who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. 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And gave him extraordinary powers over the final seventeen years of his plan to invade the Soviet Union Hitler.
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