"From the panteon of the gods to the Pantheon of Rome" in, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 02:32. According to Greek mythology, the moon goddess Selene was the daughter of two Titans (mythological giants) called Hyperion and Theia. Endymion was, depending on the source, a prince in exile or a simple shepherd. [3] Selene and Artemis were also associated with Hecate and all three were regarded as moon and lunar goddesses, but only Selene was regarded as the personification of the Moon itself. [116] Pausanias also reports seeing stone images of Helios, and Selene, in the market-place at Elea, with rays projecting from the head of Helios, and horns from the head of Selene. Often she was shown in a chariot drawn by a team of horses or oxen, but other times there was no chariot, and Selene would instead appear on the back of a horse or mule. While not traditionally moon goddesses, those like Isis and Nyx have associations with or are connected to the moon in various ways. The months had their own personifications as well, who were all born from Selene. The myth of Selene claims that this goddess had several lovers, both divine and mortal. In memory of the beautiful Endymion, the fly still grudges all sleepers their rest and annoys them. Selene personified the moon and was one of the Greek goddesses of the night. Witchcraft has long been believed to have had a connection with the moon and it was no different in antiquity. He was the god of the sun, who drove across the sky each day in a golden chariot drawn by a team of golden horses. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. 127 ff (trans. [8] The masculine form of mene (men) was also the name of the Phrygian moon-god Men. Upon the head of Selene was normally found a crown that was representative of the spherical moon. Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). [117] Selene also appears on horseback as part of the Gigantomachy frieze of the Pergamon Altar. However, her greatest love was a lowly mortal named Endymion. She is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun-god Helios, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. [45] Selene and Zeus were also said to be the parents of Nemea, the eponymous nymph of Nemea, where Heracles slew the Nemean Lion, and where the Nemean Games were held. She began to do this every night, leaving her chariot behind and making the sky dark with her absence. This might have had a role in the later identification of Selene with Hecate, who was, after all, the goddess of witchcraft and spells. Hyginus, preface to Fabulae. Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. In some versions of the story, the goddess abandoned her duty and left the night sky so she could be with the man she loved. Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 2:131819. [158] HMS Selene (P254), a 1944 British submarine and Ghia Selene, a concept car from the Ghia design studio from 1959, also bore her name. Even if he were sleeping, he would not be parted from the goddess he loved by death. The sky was dark at night and the sun more lethargic than usual. She was the personification of the moon, but was also associated with lunar elements such as tides, months, and even lunacy. This she shared with her siblings and other goddesses like Nyx. Not only was she the goddess of the moon, but she was considered a personification of the moon itself and that was how she was portrayed by many of the old poets and writers. Selene's Role She was the goddess of the moon, which she drove every night across the skies. To link to this article in the text of an online publication, please use this URL: https://historycooperative.org/selene-greek-goddess-of-the-moon/. Lastly, Selene was said to be the mother of the legendary Greek poet Musaeus,[50] with, according to Philochorus, the father being the legendary seer Eumolpus.[51]. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. Many people believed that labor and childbirth was easiest during the full moon and prayed to Selene for aid. While we often think little of the moon today, in the ancient Greek world the moons cyclical movement through the sky played a central role in their concept of time. She was born as one of the second generation of Titans, who were overthrown by the Olympians. [72] A scholiast on Apollonius says that, according to Epimenides, Endymion fell in love with Hera, and Zeus punished him with eternal sleep. [61], In antiquity, the lunar eclipse phenomena were thought to be caused by witches, particularly the ones from Thessaly, who brought the Moon/Selene down with spells and invocations of magic. However, hers might not be a name that is quite as well-known. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene (/slini/; Greek: pronounced[seln], meaning "Moon"[2]) is the personification of the Moon. She was also well known for her many affairs with men and her love that possibly . The bull panicked, threw Ampelus and gored him to death. [103], In Lucian's Icaromenippus, Selene complains to the titular Menippus of all the outrageous claims philosophers are making about her, such as wondering why she is ever waxing or gibbous, whether she is populated or not, and stating that she is getting her stolen light from the Sun, causing strife and ill feelings between her and her brother. There were other goddesses worshiped by the Greeks who were widely associated with the moon themselves. Selene was, while not worshiped openly, apparently the object of many spells and invocations addressed to her by young women. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. Selene was linked to Artemis as well as Hecate; all three were considered lunar goddesses. Helius, Selene, Eos, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Nike, Boreas, Zephyrus, Astra) GREEK VASE PAINTINGS GALLERY 8 (83 IMAGES) Her sister Eos was the light of dawn and their brother Helios drew the chariot of the sun across the sky each day. She was often said to be the mother of the Horai, the personifications of the division of time and the seasons. The most well-known story of Selene is her love of the mortal man Endymion. [122] As frequently depicted on Roman sarcophagi, Selene, holding a billowing veil forming a crescent over her head, descends from her chariot to join her lover, who slumbers at her feet. In another story she was loved by Pan. Like her brother Helios, the Sun god, who drives his sun chariot across the sky each day, Selene is also said to drive a chariot across the heavens. Selene herself most often wore a crown of gleaming silver, which matched her silver chariot. Rheinisches Museum Fr Philologie, vol. Quintus Smyrnaeus makes Selene, by her brother Helios, the mother of the Horae, goddesses and personifications of the four seasons; Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn. Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. Selene and Endymion relief, Alessandro and Lancellotto Pusterla's gravestone, 16th century. [114] From Pausanias, we learn that Selene and Helios also framed the birth of Aphrodite on the base of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia. Pan, the god of the wild, supposedly seduced Selene while dressed in a sheepskin. [100], Diodorus Siculus recorded an unorthodox version of the myth, in which Basileia, who had succeeded her father Uranus to his royal throne, married her brother Hyperion, and had two children, a son Helios and a daughter Selene, "admired for both their beauty and their chastity". 1999, Mark P. O. Morford, Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, page 43, Balancing Arria is the union of Selene and Endymion. Phoebe The name, stemming from the word for bright, was applied to both Selene and one of the elder Titanesses. 116, no. Both of these Goddesses are also associated with Hecate. Having risen to power in the generation of Zeus, they were universally revered and worshiped. [29] Empedocles, Euripides and Nonnus all describe her as (glaukpis, "bright-eyed", a common epithet of the goddess Athena)[30] while in a fragment from a poem, possibly written by Pamprepius, she is called (kyanpis, "dark-eyed"). ), The name Selene (Greek , translit. [96] Pseudo-Plutarch's On Rivers has Hera collaborating with Selene, "employing magical incantations" to create the Nemean Lion from a chest filled with foam. She was the Greek goddess of the Moon and her sisters were the Eos and Helios. Her brother Helios shone as the sun, while her sister Eos was the goddess of the dawn. Selene and Helios together were said to be the parents of the four Horae, the goddesses of the seasons. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. [31], Ampelus was a handsome young male satyr and the first love of the god Dionysus. However, in the science fiction book The First Men on the Moon by H.G. The light that humans saw from earth emanate from them, a legacy of their lustrous father. These three lunar goddesses were all important to the Greeks in different ways but it was only Selene who was considered the moon incarnate herself. The name Selene is probably derived from the Greek selas, meaning "light".She was also called Mene, which means "month" referring to the lunar month which was calculated from the new moon to the dark moon and Phoebe, meaning "bright". Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. There are a number of stories about the moon goddess Selene in Greek mythology, in association with the other Greek gods, especially Zeus. It was only later, when Selene began to be conflated with other lunar goddesses, that she was openly worshiped. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. That leaves Artemis and Selene. 14)" in, Osborne, Robin, "Looking on Greek Style. Artemis is also a Goddess of the moon. The cave in Anatolia where Endymion was said to sleep became a holy place for Selene. Zeus slept with the human queen Alcmene, of which encounter Heracles was born. Secretive and shy, she enjoys flitting silently through the night with a pearl-white or silvery chariot. Pandia (or Pandia Selene) may have personified the full moon,[130] and an Athenian festival, called the Pandia, usually considered to be a festival for Zeus,[131] was perhaps celebrated on the full moon and may have been associated with Selene. [126] Pausanias also described seeing two stone images in the market-place of Elis, one of the sun and the other of the moon, from the heads of which projected the rays of the sun and the horns of the crescent moon. Helios was married to Perse, but he had quite a few extramarital affairs, and a number of children . While the Maenids of Dionysus were driven mad by the frenzy of their worship, however, the madness brought about by Selene could be used as a targeted punishment. Selene. Thus, Selene falling for Endymion was supposed to represent moonrise every night. [125] An oracular sanctuary existed near Thalamai in Laconia. Without Selene giving way to Eos, Helios could not bring the sun back to the world. Homeric Hymn 4.99100. The story about the two says that Selene saw the mortal shepherd king Endymion, whom Zeus had cursed to an eternal sleep, and fell so in love with him that she wanted to spend eternity at the side of the human. As the moon, Selene occupied an important place in popular religion. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. The Greek word for the moon was also the word used to delineate the months. Different sources vary as to whether the chariot was golden or silver, but a silver chariot would seem to fit better with the goddess of the moon. The personification of the Sun, he was portrayed as driving a four-horse chariot across the sky on a daily basis. Selene could still see her sleeping love whenever she pleased, but the pressures of time and mortality were taken off her. [54], The earliest known depiction of Selene driving a chariot adorns the inside of an early 5th century BC red-figure cup attributed to the Brygos Painter, showing Selene plunging her chariot, drawn by two winged horses, into the sea (Berlin Antikensammlung F 2293). The name Selene is also quite popular in the English-speaking world. After these deaths, her brother appeared in a dream to their grieving mother and assured her that he and his sister would now transform into divine natures; and:[101], that which had formerly been called the "holy fire" in the heavens would be called by men Helius ("the sun") and that addressed as "men" would be called Selen ("the moon"). Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.336ff; cf. [63][66], Selene is best known for her affair with the beautiful mortal Endymion. Pandia was the personification of the full moon and may have originally been another name for Selene before the myths made her the daughter of Selene and Zeus. 500450 BCE. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Sometimes these were winged horses, although some later accounts had the chariot drawn by bulls. The poem describes the radiant light that shines from her head and calls her bright Selene. The moon goddess is described as white armed goddess and bright tressed queen and the poem celebrates her loveliness. Kapach, Avi. [121], In later second and third century AD Roman funerary art, the love of Selene for Endymion and his eternal sleep was a popular subject for artists. Zeus heard of that, and ordered Selene as well as her siblings Helios (Sun) and Eos (Dawn) not to shine, and harvested all of that plant for himself. If you thought Artemis was the Greek goddess of the moon, you are only partially right. Selene was said to drive her moon chariot across the sky every night, from east to west, following her brother. While other goddesses were associated with the night in more general terms, Selene was believed to be the embodiment of the moon herself. [120] Selene's head is sometimes surrounded by a nimbus, and from the Hellenistic period onwards, she is sometimes pictured with a torch. Selene, (Greek: Moon) Latin Luna, in Greek and Roman religion, the personification of the moon as a goddess. Although Zeus had taken many mortal lovers, the goddess of the moon had been abandoning her duties and could cause chaos if she continued. As the most important and visible features in the sky, the people of ancient Greece thought that Selene, goddess of the moon, and her brother Helios, god of the sun, were the ones responsible for the movement of the two celestial bodies across the sky. Selene does not appear in modern adaptations of Greek myths, since she is not exactly one of the major Greek gods like Zeus or Aphrodite. [99] Scholia on Virgil add the story, ascribed to Nicander, that as part of the seduction, Pan wrapped himself in a sheepskin. The moon goddess was said to have had several lovers, including Zeus and the wild god Pan. There existed an oracular sanctuary for her in Laconia, near Thalamai. From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. Hesiod, Theogony 371ff; Apollodorus, Library 1.2.2; etc. [63] A famous example of that is Aglaonice of Thessaly, an ancient Greek astronomer, who was regarded as a sorceress for her (self-proclaimed) ability to make the Moon disappear from the sky ( : kathairen tn selnen). In ancient Greek mythology, Selene, is the Titan goddess of the moon and is said to drive her glowing chariot powered by beautiful white horses across the sky each night. Hail, white-armed goddess, bright Selene, mild, bright-tressed queen! Two winged steeds pulled her across the sky each night. Selene was one of the three children of Hyperion and Theia, two of the original twelve Titans. Often when one god supplanted another in a particular domain, the stories that involved that god were changed to reflect this. Seln) was also the ancient Greek word meaning moon. The etymology is uncertain, but it appears to be related to the Greek word (slas, light) and the Proto-Indo-European word *l(o)uksneh- (moon), from which we also derive the Latin word for moon, luna. While her brother was clad in shining gold, her light was softer and more clear. Magical Goddess of the Silvery Moon. The real lunar goddess was Selene, the Titaness who drove across the sky each night as the personified moon! (Similarly, Selenes brother Helios came to be identified with Artemis brother Apollo. [109] In red-figure pottery before the early 5th century BC, she is depicted only as a bust, or in profile against a lunar disk. Is the Mother of Castor and Pollux a Goddess? Whenever the moon could not be seen in the night sky, it was because Selene had paused to take in Endymions beauty once again. Though Selene almost never appears in modern adaptations of Greek mythology, she is nonetheless present in pop culture as the personification of the moon. [31] Mesomedes of Crete calls her (glauk, "silvery grey"). Each day she drives her two-horse chariot, heralding the breaking of the new day and her brother's arrival. Plutarch, On the Face in the Moon 30, On Isis and Osiris 52; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.337; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 10.214, 44.70. Selene goddess of the moon, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin. It seems that Selene was not uninvolved in the twelve tasks of Heracles either. [2] She was often associated with cycles of growth and agriculture, female menstruation, and mysterious diseases like epilepsy and demonic possession. Because the Greek endyein meant "to dive," the name Endymion ("Diver") at first simply described the process of the setting sun "diving" into the sea. Ceto - Goddess of the Water. The Story of Selene. [78] In his dialogue between Aphrodite and Eros, Lucian also has Aphrodite admonish her son Eros for bringing Selene "down from the sky". Selene detail from a sarcophagus, imperial period. [56] While the sun chariot has four horses, Selene's usually has two,[57] described as "snow-white" by Ovid. [113] Selene and Helios also appear on the North Metopes of the Parthenon, with Selene this time entering the sea on horseback. Interestingly, this version of the myth does not involve Selene. She fell madly in love with him and asked Zeus to let him stay asleep forever, remaining eternally young and beautiful (in some traditions, it was Endymion himself who requested this unending sleep). In it, Selene is depicted as fighting alongside Helios and Eos, seated side-saddle on a horse. A womans fertility was said to be influenced by the cycles of the moon, a belief that gave English the word menses, and under Selenes influence women were said to have an easier time in childbirth than they did during the day. [123], Moon figures are found on Cretan rings and gems (perhaps indicating a Minoan moon cult), but apart from the role played by the moon itself in magic, folklore, and poetry, and despite the later worship of the Phrygian moon-god Men, there was relatively little worship of Selene. [88], Ampelus was a very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the god Dionysus. There was an Athenian festival named the Pandia, held in honor of Zeus, which was perhaps celebrated on a full moon night. In Greek mythology, Hyperion (/ h a p r i n /; Greek: , 'he who goes before') was one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia (the Earth) and Uranus (the Sky). But unlike other night goddesseslike Nyx, Hecate, and sometimes even ArtemisSelene represented the moon itself. [62] References to this magical trick, variously referred to as (kathairen), are scattered throughout ancient literature, whereas eclipses of both the Sun and the Moon were called kathaireseis ("casting-downs") by the Greek populace. With his sister, the Titaness Theia, Hyperion fathered Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon) and Eos (the Dawn).. Hyperion was, along with his son Helios, a personification of the sun, with the two sometimes . Orphism, Cosmogony, and Genealogy (Mus. One of the most important sources of this myth is in the Greek satirist Lucian of Samosatas Dialogues of the Gods, where Aphrodite and Selene talk about the latters love for Endymion. [75] Cicero seems to make Selene responsible for Endymion's sleep, so that "she might kiss him while sleeping". How Did Uranus get its Name as Per Greek Mythology? With Zeus she is the mother of Pandeia goddess of dew. Everything We Know About the Greek Goddess of Agriculture, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of, Interesting Facts about Athena: Greek Goddess of Knowledge. For other uses, see, Detail of Selene from a Roman sarcophagus, A winged Selene seems to be unique to this. Her brother Helios shone as the sun, while her sister Eos was the goddess of the dawn. [112], Selene was often paired with her brother Helios. It is unclear how much of a choice Endymion himself may have had in the matter, although there are versions of the myth which say that Endymion had fallen in love with the beautiful moon goddess as well and asked Zeus to keep him in a state of eternal sleep so that he could be with her forever. Together, they fittingly created three sources of celestial illumination. Selene was the Greek goddess of the moon. The counterpart to her brother, she traveled by night. In Greek mythology, Selene was traditionally depicted as a beautiful young woman, with perhaps paler than usual skin. [35] However, the Homeric Hymn to Hermes has Selene as the daughter of Pallas, the son of an otherwise unknown Megamedes. Altes Museum, Berlin, Germany. This article is about the Greek goddess. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. Selene was a Titan goddess in Greek mythology, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. Selene was one of the twelve Olympian gods and goddesses, and her story is one of the most captivating in Greek mythology. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. They included: The lunar goddesses sometimes worked together. Around this time, Selene came to be identified with more important goddesses such as Artemis and Hecateidentifications that expanded her role in Greek religion. 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